Spodzielny dźwięk

to examine the presence or absence of Berman’s negative deforming tendencies. I adopted a mixed analytical approach combining qualitative and computational analysis. In the qualitative stage, I followed six steps. First, I established the criteria for identifying markers of Britishness in Downton Abbey, focusing on the two speech communities: upstairs and downstairs. Second, I examined the seven episodes scene by scene and selected only the subtitle pairs that contained relevant markers, such