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CONCEPTUAL REVIEW ARTICLE Proactive Language Learning Theory Mostafa Papi and Phil Hiver Florida State University Abstract: Second language acquisition theory has traditionally focused on the cognitive and psycholinguistic processes involved in additional language (L2) learning. In addi- tion, research on learner psychology has primarily centered on learners’ cognitive abil- ities (e.g., aptitude and working memory) and internal traits or states (e.g., dispositions, motivations, and affect).