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As the building sector is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption, achieving net zero carbon buildings (NZCBs) is vital for reducing environmental impact and meeting global climate goals. This review synthesised recent advances in minimising embodied carb…

As the building sector is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption, achieving net zero carbon buildings (NZCBs) is vital for reducing environmental impact and meeting global climate goals. This review synthesised recent advances in minimising embodied carbon and operational carbon, identified key research gaps, and proposed future research for achieving NZCBs. It investigates the challenges and opportunities across legislative, financial, cultural, tech