مشترکہ آڈیو

Why do some regions achieve sustained long term economic development while others, despite having equally strong and centralised precolonial institutions, do not? The relationship between precolonial institutions and modern development is fundamental to understanding how historical institutions continue to shape modern economic outcomes. Douglass North’s (1990, p. 3), view of institutions as the “humanly devised constraints” shaping political and economic behaviour provides a clear benchmark for