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“In this tutorial, we will follow a structured outline to make sure all concepts are clear and connected. First, we will briefly review the Four-Stage Model to remind ourselves of the overall framework. Then, we will focus specifically on Trip Distribution, which is the second stage of the model. After that, we will study two important methods used in trip distribution. The first is the Gravity Model, which is widely used in practice and is based on an analogy with physical gravity. The second i