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Benedict Evans: OpenAI’s Moat Problem & the Future of Software Here's a summary of the key points from the transcript: 1. The Challenge of Foundation Models & OpenAI's Pivot: Lack of Network Effects: Unlike traditional software (Windows, Google, Meta), foundation models (like those from OpenAI) don't have strong winner-takes-all network effects. This means it's difficult for one company to achieve a dominant, monopoly-like position. Competitors can relatively quickly catch up.