دەنگی هاوبەش

Subnetting IP addresses can be assigned statically (manually configured and fixed) or dynamically using DHCP, which automatically assigns addresses to devices and reduces configuration errors. NAT (Network Address Translation) converts private IP addresses to public addresses for internet access, while PAT (Port Address Translation) allows multiple devices to share a single public IP using different ports. Understanding these concepts ensures devices can communicate internally and externally wh