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This chapter explains the basic ideas and important terms used in property and casualty insurance. These concepts help us understand how insurance works and how risks are managed in real-life situations. First, we learned about the general principles of insurance. One important idea is the Law of Large Numbers. This means that when many people are insured, it becomes easier to predict how many losses will happen. For example, if an insurance company covers 10,000 houses, they can estimate how m