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Introductory Synthesis: To bridge the gap between algorithmic theory and real-world results, the analyzed literature provides a comprehensive analysis of metaheuristics across four critical urban domains. Home Energy Management (HEMS): At the household level, studies demonstrate the utility of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithms (GA) to solve complex multi-objective problems. The primary goal identified in the research is to balance three competing interests: minimizing elec