Gemeinsames Audio

This first artifact shows photos of the traditional Pondok education system, one of the earliest education systems in Malaysia before colonial influence. Education was usually conducted in mosques or simple huts called pondok, where students lived and studied under the guidance of religious teachers. The main focus of learning was Islamic knowledge, such as the Quran, Fiqh, and Akhlak. The system emphasised discipline, humility, and strong moral values, and at that time there were no formal ex