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Chapter Twelve. The Hard Question. Does Any of This Feel Like Anything? We are building systems of enormous complexity trained on everything humans have ever expressed, and we have no reliable way of knowing what, if anything, it's like to be one. That uncertainty has moral weight. In 1974, a philosopher named Thomas Nagel published a paper with a title that has been bothering people ever since: "What Is It Like to Be a Bat?" The argument was simple and difficult at the same time. Bats navig